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Henri Rabaud, born in Paris (8th arrondissement) on November 10, 1873 and death in Neuilly-sur-Seine on September 11, 1949, is a French composer and conductor.
Henri Benjamin Rabaud is born in a family of artists: his maternal grandfather, Vincent-Joseph van Steenkiste (1813-1896), better known as Louis Dorus, is flutist solo at the Paris Opera and Professor at the Conservatory . His father, Hippolyte-François Rabaud is a solo cello from the Conservatoire Concerts Society and Professor at the Conservatoire de Paris. His mother, cantatrice, would have been president by Charles Gounod to create the role of Marguerite in Faust , finally attributed to Caroline Miolan-Carvalho. Its Grand Aunt, Julie Dorus-Gras (1805-1896), is a famous cantaker who had been illustrated in Giacomo Meyerbeer's operas (she created Alice's role in Robert le Devil), Gioachino Rossini and Jacques Fromental Halévy .
He continues his studies at Lycée Condorcet, in the same class as Proust, and receives a complete musical education. When he returns to the Conservatoire de Paris, in 1891, he has already composed romances without words (1890) for cello and piano as well as a minor symphony (1893), his opus 1, which will be created at concerts of Harcourt. He has as Professors Antoine Taudou for harmony, André Gedalge and Jules Massenet for Fugue and Counterpoint. His Max Condiscal of Ollone testifies that "this great young man of 19, skinny and bearded, at the serious and distant paces, a very extensive literary and philosophical culture, whose independence of spirit and The tenacious will read on his serious face, almost imposed the author of Manon4. Rabaud found mainly the teaching of superficial massnet and gained more than his personal studies of Viennese classical masters.
The resident of the Villa Medici, he obtained the prize of Rome in 1894 at his first attempt with his Daphne cantata (text of Charles Raffalli). The composer opens to the new music5 and discovers Verdi, Mascagni and Puccini. The work is followed by a MI minor symphony (1896), later created by the column concerts and an oratorio, Job (1897), which is influenced by Franck and Wagner after being reluctant to them. Job is the brand of the mysticism of the first and parsifal of the second, even if it is undoubtedly French. The work gets great success. It is also owed to a minor floor string quartet (1898) that brings it closer to it, "said Felix Mendelsohn, an eclogue inspired by the first bucolic of Virgil (1899), two entertainments on Russian songs (1899), a Psalm IV for Soloists, Choir and Orchestra (1901), a second lyrical poem on the book of Job for Baritone Solo and Orchestra (1905) and a symphonic poem The night procession (1910), according to an episode of the Faust of Nikolaus Lenau .
In 1901, he marred Marguerite Mascart (1878-1935) 6, daughter of the first director of Supélec then from the meteorological central office, Mascart eleuthère.
He strokes in 1908 with the scene music of the drama the first swift a collaboration with Lucien Nepoty, who will be the librettist of his greatest success: the opera-comic Mârouf, Savetier du Cairo, drawn from the tales of the thousand and one nights and Created Hall Favart May 15, 1914 with the Baritone Jean Periier. It is a triumph and his mistress work. It will compose again for the scene theater for Antoine and Cleopatra and the Marie de Venice of Shakespeare, adaptation by Lucien Nepoty, directed by Firmin Gémier at the Antoine Theater in 1917-1918 and Paul and Virginia, from Guiraud and Népoty ( Sarah-Bernhardt Theater).
His first lyric work, the daughter of Roland is a "musical tragedy", according to Henri de Bornier, created at the opera-comic on March 16, 1904 with little success3, then post-war resumption, at the Opera Garnier In 1922. Rabaud himself writes the Call of the Sea (after Riders to the Sea of JM Synge) Music drama created at the opera-comic on April 10, 1924 and whose subject presents the despair of 'A mother (role created by Suzanne Balguerie) to whom the ocean has removed five sons and is about to delight him the sixth. His next opera, Rolande and the bad boy, created on May 25, 1934 at the Opera with Georges Thill on a Nepoty booklet, is not the same. Martine, "Lyriques scenes" according to Jean-Jacques Bernard's play, was created in Strasbourg on April 26, 1947. His ultimate opera-comic composed in 1948, the game of love and chance after the eponymous room From Marivaux, is created posthumously on November 19, 1954 at the Monte Carlo Opera. Left unfinished, the score is completed by Max d'Ollone and Henri Busser.
Rabaud is also interested in the cinema by composing the partition of the mute film of Raymond Bernard the miracle of the wolves, the first cinematographic drama to be projected at the opera in 1924. He renews the experience in 1927 with the chess player of the same director, opening a new way to composers.
After being elected to the Academy of Fine Arts on December 28, 1918, he succeeded Gabriel Fauré at the Directorate of the Conservatoire de Paris on October 1, 1920, a position he will occupy until 1941, when he retires . His attitude during the occupation will be charged later, especially for having spontaneously addressed, from October 3, 1940, to the German authorities of Paris (which did not depend on the Conservatory) to submit the case of the Jewish teachers and students of Its establishment, four days before the promulgation of the laws on the status of Jews.
His career as a conductor began in 1897 is no less important since after Vienna and Rome, he runs the Lamoureux orchestra then becomes from 1908 first leader of the Paris Opera. He directs among others all the works of Wagner. From 1918 to 1919, he is at the head of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. In 1938, he made a trip to Latin America where he directs many concerts. From 1941 to 1946, he interimly assures the post of conductor of the concerts Pasdeloup, until Albert Wolff's return.
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