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Lou Andreas-Salomé (born either Louise von Salomé or Luíza Gustavovna Salomé or Lioulia von Salomé, (12 February 1861 – 5 February 1937) was a Russian-born psychoanalyst and a well traveled author, narrator, and essayist from a Russian-German family. Her diverse intellectual interests led to friendships with a broad array of distinguished western thinkers, including Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, Paul Rée, and Rainer Maria Rilke.
Lou Salomé was born in St. Petersburg to Gustav Ludwig von Salomé (1807-1878), and Louise von Salomé (Wilm) (1823-1913). Lou was their only daughter; they had five sons. Although she would later be attacked by the Nazis as a "Finnish Jew", her parents were actually of French Huguenot and Northern German descent. The youngest of six children, their household was wealthy and well-cultured, having all children speak Russian, German, and French, along with allowing Lou Andreas-Salomé to attend her brothers classes.
Born into a strictly Protestant family, Lou Andreas-Salomé grew to resent the Reformed church and Hermann Dalton, the Orthodox Protestant pastor, causing her to refuse being confirmed, while also leading her to be interested in philosophical, literary, and other religious topics.
Seeking an education when she was 17, Salomé persuaded the Dutch preacher Hendrik Gillot, 25 years her senior, to teach her theology, philosophy, world religions, and French and German literature. Gillot became so smitten with Salomé that he planned to divorce his wife and marry her. Salomé refused, for she was not interested in marriage and sexual relations; she was downright disappointed and shocked by this development, but remained friends with Gillot.
Following her father's death in 1879, Salomé and her mother went to Zurich, so Salomé could acquire a university education as a "guest student". In her one year at The University of Zurich, which was one of the few schools that accepted female students, Lou Andreas-Salomé completed lectures in philosophy (logic, history of philosophy, ancient philosophy and psychology) and theology (dogmatics). During this time, Salomé's physical health was failing due to a lung disease, causing her to cough up blood. Due to this, she was instructed to heal in warmer climates so in February 1882, Lou Andreas-Salomé and her mother arrived in Rome.
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